Bug 2373365 (CVE-2025-38060)

Summary:	CVE-2025-38060 kernel: Linux kernel: BPF verifier security bypass due to incorrect state handling
Product:	[Other] Security Response	Reporter:	OSIDB Bzimport <bzimport>
Component:	vulnerability	Assignee:	Product Security DevOps Team <prodsec-dev>
Status:	NEW ---	QA Contact:
Severity:	medium	Docs Contact:
Priority:	medium
Version:	unspecified	CC:	dfreiber, drow, jburrell, rhel-process-autobot, vkumar, watson-tool-maintainers
Target Milestone:	---	Keywords:	Security
Target Release:	---
Hardware:	All
OS:	Linux
Whiteboard:
Fixed In Version:		Doc Type:	---
Doc Text:	A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's BPF (Berkeley Packet Filter) verifier. The verifier, a security mechanism that checks BPF programs for safety, incorrectly handles certain program states. This oversight could allow a local attacker to bypass security checks, enabling the execution of unsafe code. Successful exploitation may lead to a denial of service or potentially privilege escalation within the system.	Story Points:	---
Clone Of:		Environment:
Last Closed:		Type:	---
Regression:	---	Mount Type:	---
Documentation:	---	CRM:
Verified Versions:		Category:	---
oVirt Team:	---	RHEL 7.3 requirements from Atomic Host:
Cloudforms Team:	---	Target Upstream Version:
Embargoed:

Description OSIDB Bzimport 2025-06-18 10:03:49 UTC

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: copy_verifier_state() should copy 'loop_entry' field

The bpf_verifier_state.loop_entry state should be copied by
copy_verifier_state(). Otherwise, .loop_entry values from unrelated
states would poison env->cur_state.

Additionally, env->stack should not contain any states with
.loop_entry != NULL. The states in env->stack are yet to be verified,
while .loop_entry is set for states that reached an equivalent state.
This means that env->cur_state->loop_entry should always be NULL after
pop_stack().

See the selftest in the next commit for an example of the program that
is not safe yet is accepted by verifier w/o this fix.

This change has some verification performance impact for selftests:

File                                Program                       Insns (A)  Insns (B)  Insns   (DIFF)  States (A)  States (B)  States (DIFF)
----------------------------------  ----------------------------  ---------  ---------  --------------  ----------  ----------  -------------
arena_htab.bpf.o                    arena_htab_llvm                     717        426  -291 (-40.59%)          57          37  -20 (-35.09%)
arena_htab_asm.bpf.o                arena_htab_asm                      597        445  -152 (-25.46%)          47          37  -10 (-21.28%)
arena_list.bpf.o                    arena_list_del                      309        279    -30 (-9.71%)          23          14   -9 (-39.13%)
iters.bpf.o                         iter_subprog_check_stacksafe        155        141    -14 (-9.03%)          15          14    -1 (-6.67%)
iters.bpf.o                         iter_subprog_iters                 1094       1003    -91 (-8.32%)          88          83    -5 (-5.68%)
iters.bpf.o                         loop_state_deps2                    479        725  +246 (+51.36%)          46          63  +17 (+36.96%)
kmem_cache_iter.bpf.o               open_coded_iter                      63         59     -4 (-6.35%)           7           6   -1 (-14.29%)
verifier_bits_iter.bpf.o            max_words                            92         84     -8 (-8.70%)           8           7   -1 (-12.50%)
verifier_iterating_callbacks.bpf.o  cond_break2                         113        107     -6 (-5.31%)          12          12    +0 (+0.00%)

And significant negative impact for sched_ext:

File               Program                 Insns (A)  Insns (B)  Insns         (DIFF)  States (A)  States (B)  States      (DIFF)
-----------------  ----------------------  ---------  ---------  --------------------  ----------  ----------  ------------------
bpf.bpf.o          lavd_init                    7039      14723      +7684 (+109.16%)         490        1139     +649 (+132.45%)
bpf.bpf.o          layered_dispatch            11485      10548         -937 (-8.16%)         848         762       -86 (-10.14%)
bpf.bpf.o          layered_dump                 7422    1000001  +992579 (+13373.47%)         681       31178  +30497 (+4478.27%)
bpf.bpf.o          layered_enqueue             16854      71127     +54273 (+322.02%)        1611        6450    +4839 (+300.37%)
bpf.bpf.o          p2dq_dispatch                 665        791        +126 (+18.95%)          68          78       +10 (+14.71%)
bpf.bpf.o          p2dq_init                    2343       2980        +637 (+27.19%)         201         237       +36 (+17.91%)
bpf.bpf.o          refresh_layer_cpumasks      16487     674760   +658273 (+3992.68%)        1770       65370  +63600 (+3593.22%)
bpf.bpf.o          rusty_select_cpu             1937      40872    +38935 (+2010.07%)         177        3210   +3033 (+1713.56%)
scx_central.bpf.o  central_dispatch              636       2687      +2051 (+322.48%)          63         227     +164 (+260.32%)
scx_nest.bpf.o     nest_init                     636        815        +179 (+28.14%)          60          73       +13 (+21.67%)
scx_qmap.bpf.o     qmap_dispatch      
---truncated---

Comment 1 Avinash Hanwate 2025-06-20 17:54:24 UTC

Upstream advisory:
https://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025061834-CVE-2025-38060-2363@gregkh/T