Bug 2541313 (CVE-2026-97902)

Summary: CVE-2026-97902 kernel: fs: don't return -EINVAL for successful nested thaw
Product: [Other] Security Response Reporter: OSIDB Bzimport <bzimport>
Component: vulnerabilityAssignee: Product Security DevOps Team <prodsec-dev>
Status: NEW --- QA Contact:
Severity: low Docs Contact:
Priority: low    
Version: unspecifiedCC: akhatavk, aos-team-art-private, asdas, dpaolell, jdelft, jupierce, lgarciaa, mbiarnes, ppalepu, ppostler, prdhamdh, rhel-process-autobot, sghai, sidsharm, suppawar, vlaad, watson-tool-maintainers
Target Milestone: ---Keywords: Security
Target Release: ---   
Hardware: All   
OS: Linux   
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A flaw was found in the Linux kernel. A local user can cause a Denial of Service (DoS) by initiating nested filesystem freeze and thaw operations. An incorrect error code returned during nested thaw requests causes the kernel to retain an elevated freeze counter on the underlying block device. Consequently, the device remains permanently locked in a frozen state after being unmounted, preventing subsequent mount operations until the device is re-created or the system is rebooted.
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oVirt Team: --- RHEL 7.3 requirements from Atomic Host:
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Description OSIDB Bzimport 2026-09-25 11:18:31 UTC
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

fs: don't return -EINVAL for successful nested thaw

Commit 7366f8b6fc6a ("fs: handle freezing from multiple devices")
replaced the freeze_holders bitmask with per-holder counters to allow
nested freezes. In the bitmask version, a thaw that released a shared
hold while another holder remained returned 0. Since the rework,
thaw_super_locked() drops the freeze reference via freeze_dec() but
then returns -EINVAL when other freezers remain, misinforming the
caller: the thaw did succeed, the superblock just stays frozen for the
remaining holders.

This breaks bdev-initiated freezing. When a filesystem is frozen with
FIFREEZE and additionally frozen via bdev_freeze() -- which nests by
design, see fs_bdev_freeze() -- the subsequent bdev_thaw() receives
-EINVAL from the holder op although its freeze reference was dropped,
and therefore keeps bd_fsfreeze_count elevated. Then device-mapper's
unlock_fs() ignores bdev_thaw()'s return value, so nothing rebalances
the count. After the user's FITHAW and umount, the block device can
never be mounted again:

    dm-1: Can't mount, blockdev is frozen

There is no way for userspace to drop the leaked count; only
destroying the block device (or a reboot) recovers the device.

Reproducer (any kernel since v6.8):

    dmsetup create dut --table "0 $(blockdev --getsz "$DEV") linear $DEV 0"
    mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/dut
    mount /dev/mapper/dut /mnt
    fsfreeze --freeze /mnt      # freeze_ucount == 1
    dmsetup suspend dut         # bd_fsfreeze_count == 1, ucount == 2
    dmsetup resume dut          # ucount 2 -> 1, but thaw_super()
                                # returns -EINVAL, so bdev_thaw()
                                # keeps bd_fsfreeze_count at 1
    fsfreeze --unfreeze /mnt    # filesystem thaws fine
    umount /mnt
    mount /dev/mapper/dut /mnt  # EBUSY, forever

The same happens with fsfreeze held across an LVM snapshot of the
origin volume.

fs_bdev_thaw()'s documentation already describes the intended
semantics: "If this function returns zero it doesn't mean that the
filesystem is unfrozen as it may have been frozen multiple times".
Restore them by returning 0 when a nested thaw drops its hold while
other freezers remain. Thawing without holding a freeze still fails
with -EINVAL as may_unfreeze() rejects that case before the reference
count is touched.