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gnome-shell does not start on a system with an i915 graphics card. Kernel Version: 3.1.0-7.fc16.x86_64 mesa-libGL-7.11-10.fc16.x86_64 mesa-libGLU-7.11-10.fc16.x86_64 mesa-libGL-7.11-10.fc16.i686 mesa-libGLU-7.11-10.fc16.i686 mesa-dri-drivers-7.11-10.fc16.x86_64 mesa-dri-filesystem-7.11-10.fc16.x86_64 xorg-x11-drv-intel-2.16.0-2.fc16.x86_64
Which hardware exactly? lspci -nn -s 0:2. What's the output of glxinfo? Is there anything suspicious in the X log?
I figured out that the problem was caused by either missing: account sufficient pam_localuser.so or -session optional pam_systemd.so in system-auth-ac. Adding these new parameters made gnome-shell work again.