In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

f2fs: fix to drop all dirty pages during umount() if cp_error is set

xfstest generic/361 reports a bug as below:

f2fs_bug_on(sbi, sbi->fsync_node_num);

kernel BUG at fs/f2fs/super.c:1627!
RIP: 0010:f2fs_put_super+0x3a8/0x3b0
Call Trace:
 generic_shutdown_super+0x8c/0x1b0
 kill_block_super+0x2b/0x60
 kill_f2fs_super+0x87/0x110
 deactivate_locked_super+0x39/0x80
 deactivate_super+0x46/0x50
 cleanup_mnt+0x109/0x170
 __cleanup_mnt+0x16/0x20
 task_work_run+0x65/0xa0
 exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x175/0x190
 syscall_exit_to_user_mode+0x25/0x50
 do_syscall_64+0x4c/0x90
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x72/0xdc

During umount(), if cp_error is set, f2fs_wait_on_all_pages() should
not stop waiting all F2FS_WB_CP_DATA pages to be writebacked, otherwise,
fsync_node_num can be non-zero after f2fs_wait_on_all_pages() causing
this bug.

In this case, to avoid deadloop in f2fs_wait_on_all_pages(), it needs
to drop all dirty pages rather than redirtying them.