In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

vfio/type1: fix cap_migration information leak

Fix an information leak where an uninitialized hole in struct
vfio_iommu_type1_info_cap_migration on the stack is exposed to userspace.

The definition of struct vfio_iommu_type1_info_cap_migration contains a hole as
shown in this pahole(1) output:

  struct vfio_iommu_type1_info_cap_migration {
          struct vfio_info_cap_header header;              /*     0     8 */
          __u32                      flags;                /*     8     4 */

          /* XXX 4 bytes hole, try to pack */

          __u64                      pgsize_bitmap;        /*    16     8 */
          __u64                      max_dirty_bitmap_size; /*    24     8 */

          /* size: 32, cachelines: 1, members: 4 */
          /* sum members: 28, holes: 1, sum holes: 4 */
          /* last cacheline: 32 bytes */
  };

The cap_mig variable is filled in without initializing the hole:

  static int vfio_iommu_migration_build_caps(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
                         struct vfio_info_cap *caps)
  {
      struct vfio_iommu_type1_info_cap_migration cap_mig;

      cap_mig.header.id = VFIO_IOMMU_TYPE1_INFO_CAP_MIGRATION;
      cap_mig.header.version = 1;

      cap_mig.flags = 0;
      /* support minimum pgsize */
      cap_mig.pgsize_bitmap = (size_t)1 << __ffs(iommu->pgsize_bitmap);
      cap_mig.max_dirty_bitmap_size = DIRTY_BITMAP_SIZE_MAX;

      return vfio_info_add_capability(caps, &cap_mig.header, sizeof(cap_mig));
  }

The structure is then copied to a temporary location on the heap. At this point
it's already too late and ioctl(VFIO_IOMMU_GET_INFO) copies it to userspace
later:

  int vfio_info_add_capability(struct vfio_info_cap *caps,
                   struct vfio_info_cap_header *cap, size_t size)
  {
      struct vfio_info_cap_header *header;

      header = vfio_info_cap_add(caps, size, cap->id, cap->version);
      if (IS_ERR(header))
          return PTR_ERR(header);

      memcpy(header + 1, cap + 1, size - sizeof(*header));

      return 0;
  }

This issue was found by code inspection.