In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: Fail verification for sign-extension of packet data/data_end/data_meta

syzbot reported a kernel crash due to
  commit 1f1e864b6555 ("bpf: Handle sign-extenstin ctx member accesses").
The reason is due to sign-extension of 32-bit load for
packet data/data_end/data_meta uapi field.

The original code looks like:
        r2 = *(s32 *)(r1 + 76) /* load __sk_buff->data */
        r3 = *(u32 *)(r1 + 80) /* load __sk_buff->data_end */
        r0 = r2
        r0 += 8
        if r3 > r0 goto +1
        ...
Note that __sk_buff->data load has 32-bit sign extension.

After verification and convert_ctx_accesses(), the final asm code looks like:
        r2 = *(u64 *)(r1 +208)
        r2 = (s32)r2
        r3 = *(u64 *)(r1 +80)
        r0 = r2
        r0 += 8
        if r3 > r0 goto pc+1
        ...
Note that 'r2 = (s32)r2' may make the kernel __sk_buff->data address invalid
which may cause runtime failure.

Currently, in C code, typically we have
        void *data = (void *)(long)skb->data;
        void *data_end = (void *)(long)skb->data_end;
        ...
and it will generate
        r2 = *(u64 *)(r1 +208)
        r3 = *(u64 *)(r1 +80)
        r0 = r2
        r0 += 8
        if r3 > r0 goto pc+1

If we allow sign-extension,
        void *data = (void *)(long)(int)skb->data;
        void *data_end = (void *)(long)skb->data_end;
        ...
the generated code looks like
        r2 = *(u64 *)(r1 +208)
        r2 <<= 32
        r2 s>>= 32
        r3 = *(u64 *)(r1 +80)
        r0 = r2
        r0 += 8
        if r3 > r0 goto pc+1
and this will cause verification failure since "r2 <<= 32" is not allowed
as "r2" is a packet pointer.

To fix this issue for case
  r2 = *(s32 *)(r1 + 76) /* load __sk_buff->data */
this patch added additional checking in is_valid_access() callback
function for packet data/data_end/data_meta access. If those accesses
are with sign-extenstion, the verification will fail.

  [1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/000000000000c90eee061d236d37@google.com/