In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

sched_ext: Take cgroup_lock() first in scx_cgroup_lock()

scx_cgroup_lock() write-locks scx_cgroup_ops_rwsem and then takes
cgroup_lock(), which can deadlock through kernfs:

  scx enable/disable         cgroup rmdir           cpu.weight write
  ------------------         ------------           ----------------
                             cgroup_lock()
  percpu_down_write(rwsem)
  cgroup_lock()
                                                    kernfs_get_active()
                                                    percpu_down_read(rwsem)
                             kernfs_drain()

The enable path waits for the rmdir to release cgroup_mutex. The rmdir,
deactivating the cpu controller's files, waits in kernfs_drain() for the
write's active reference. The write, in scx_group_set_weight(), waits for
the rwsem behind the pending writer.

Take cgroup_lock() first. The set_* paths take no cgroup locks inside the
read side, so a pending write-lock then only waits for read sections that
always run to completion, and no dependency from the rwsem back to
cgroup_mutex remains.