texlive-mathdesign provides the file that you are missing. Some packages (such as texlive-arev) do not "require" it in the spec even though they should.

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Fedora 30 comes with texlive 2018, and texlive-arev still does not "require" texlive-mathdesign. (It requires tex(arevmath.sty) which it provides itself...)

So this is not fixed yet, it seems. Note that most people will install larger collections or schemes, and thus do not encounter the broken dependency chain.

I guess TL 2019 is on the doorsteps, though.

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This issue is still the same in rawhide.

As I mentioned in comment #1 there are more packages which need texlive-mathdesign for typesetting mathematics but not require the package (e.g. utopia, heuristica). Typically, they at least mentioned the need for mathdesign in their description.

As for arev, the package is "for using Arev Sans in both text and mathematics" according to its description, does not mention mathdesign but does require it. So, either this should be mentioned in the description, or (better) the "requires" on mathdesign should be added to arev.

Apologies for letting this one sit for so long.

I'm trying to understand why arev should have a Requires on mathdesign. None of the .sty files in arev have any \RequirePackage calls that would merit it.

To be clear, I am not saying you're wrong, I just don't understand what criteria triggers a dependency on mathdesign, and I need to know that in order to get it right in all the places within texlive, as opposed to simply adding Requires: texlive-mathdesign here.

Is it the \DeclareFontEncoding(MDA) call in tex/latex/arev/ams-mdbch.sty ?

Yes, you are spot on ;)

A minimal example is

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{arev}
\begin{document}
a
\end{document}

which does not even use math typesetting but loads

/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/mathdesign/mdacmr.fd

which is provided by texlive-mathdesign. That is, when arev.sty sets up TeX for math typesetting the font description file is needed already. It does not need the style file mathdesign.sty.

This is different for a package like utopia, so I was not correct here (sorry): I you amend the minimal example with a "$h$" it compiles fine without mathdesign but uses cmr fonts for maths. So utopia should probably not require mathdesign, only recommend it, which it does at least in the description.

Fixed in rawhide: texlive-2020-23.fc33