Testcase covering bz1857749 [1] seems to have regressed. The tapset in question is part of the ruby.rpm, and there is no coverage for this in the upstream testsuite.  The problem is easily reproducible using rhel-8.3 with systemtap systemtap-4.3-4.el8 by simply upgrading the systemtap packages to systemtap-4.4-6.el8 (+ installing gcc-toolset-10-dyninst-10.2.1-2.el8 and -devel to satisfy the newer stap deps).  rpm -Uvh + hash -r is enough:


 8.3 Server x86_64 # stap -v ./ruby-exercise.stp -c ./test.sh  | fgrep -e puts  -e push
Pass 1: parsed user script and 479 library scripts using 239280virt/82000res/12980shr/68600data kb, in 170usr/20sys/514real ms.
Pass 2: analyzed script: 13 probes, 7 functions, 1 embed, 0 globals using 241984virt/85644res/14040shr/71304data kb, in 20usr/10sys/19real ms.
Pass 3: using cached /root/.systemtap/cache/c8/stap_c89a4148c78457cd41692b5c02007848_11571.c
Pass 4: using cached /root/.systemtap/cache/c8/stap_c89a4148c78457cd41692b5c02007848_11571.ko
Pass 5: starting run.
57731 -> Kernel::puts -e:1
57731 -> IO::puts -e:1
57731 <- IO::puts -e:1
57731 <- Kernel::puts -e:1
57733 -> Array::push -e:1
57733 <- Array::push -e:1
Pass 5: run completed in 190usr/200sys/1078real ms.
scr0   8.3 Server x86_64 # rpm -q systemtap
systemtap-4.3-4.el8.x86_64


[ UPGRADED FROM  systemtap-4.3-4.el8.x86_64 TO systemtap-4.4-6.el8.x86_64 ]


(1) scr0   8.3 Server x86_64 # hash -r
scr0   8.3 Server x86_64 # stap -v ./ruby-exercise.stp -c ./test.sh  | fgrep -e puts  -e push
Pass 1: parsed user script and 483 library scripts using 246120virt/88444res/12556shr/75404data kb, in 180usr/100sys/602real ms.
Pass 2: analyzed script: 13 probes, 7 functions, 1 embed, 0 globals using 248828virt/92048res/13636shr/78112data kb, in 20usr/10sys/24real ms.
Pass 3: translated to C into "/tmp/stapnIuvrw/stap_9c3ac85f1fa318b06126a4791bab87fa_11577_src.c" using 257084virt/92768res/13892shr/86368data kb, in 20usr/100sys/122real ms.
Pass 4: compiled C into "stap_9c3ac85f1fa318b06126a4791bab87fa_11577.ko" in 15740usr/3700sys/20032real ms.
Pass 5: starting run.
WARNING: There were 45005 transport failures.
Pass 5: run completed in 190usr/230sys/1112real ms.
(1) scr0   8.3 Server x86_64 #


------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please, note:  WARNING: There were 45005 transport failures.
------------------------------------------------------------------------


$ cat ruby-exercise.stp 
probe ruby.method.entry, ruby.cmethod.entry {
  printf("%d -> %s::%s %s:%d\n", tid(), classname, methodname, file, line);
}

probe ruby.method.return, ruby.cmethod.return {
  printf("%d <- %s::%s %s:%d\n", tid(), classname, methodname, file, line);
}
$ 
$ cat test.sh 
#!/bin/bash

set -e
ruby -e 'puts "ABC"'
ruby -e '[1, 2, 3].push(4)'
$ 


---------------
[1] /tools/systemtap/Regression/second-command-not-captured
    http://pkgs.devel.redhat.com/cgit/tests/systemtap/tree/Regression/second-command-not-captured