The following code, when compiled using gcc and optimization (-O1, at least), produces
a segfault after several iterations of the loop. I have reproduced the bug on
two machines running the same OS (CentOS 4) and version of gcc:

$ gcc -v
Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc/i386-redhat-linux/3.4.6/specs
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man
--infodir=/usr/share/info --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix
--disable-checking --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit
--disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-java-awt=gtk --host=i386-redhat-linux
Thread model: posix
gcc version 3.4.6 20060404 (Red Hat 3.4.6-3)

The code was compiled as:
$ g++ -O1 -o bug bug.cc

And run as:
$ ./bug
Segmentation fault

#include <stdexcept>

int main() {
        while (true) {
                try {
                        throw std::runtime_error("foo");
                } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
                }
        }
        return 0;
}