At launch bash generates this assertion in all terminals on my computer.
I suspect it's linked to the specific CPU model.
In fact, running the very same disk under qemu-kvm with the default CPU, the assertion disappears:
qemu-kvm -m 3096M -smp cores=2 -drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,cache=unsafe,if=virtio -vga virtio -machine usb=on -device usb-tablet -netdev bridge,br=virbr0,id=net1 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net1 

and it reappears when passing the host CPU directly:
qemu-kvm  -cpu host -m 3096M -smp cores=2 -drive file=/dev/sda,format=raw,cache=unsafe,if=virtio -vga virtio -machine usb=on -device usb-tablet -netdev bridge,br=virbr0,id=net1 -device virtio-net-pci,netdev=net1

My CPU is:
vendor_id	: AuthenticAMD
cpu family	: 16
model		: 6
model name	: AMD Athlon(tm) II X2 280 Processor
stepping	: 3
microcode	: 0x10000c8
cpu MHz		: 3600.000
cache size	: 1024 KB
physical id	: 0
siblings	: 2
core id		: 0
cpu cores	: 2
apicid		: 0
initial apicid	: 0
fpu		: yes
fpu_exception	: yes
cpuid level	: 5
wp		: yes
flags		: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid pni monitor cx16 popcnt lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt nodeid_msr hw_pstate vmmcall npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save
bugs		: tlb_mmatch apic_c1e fxsave_leak sysret_ss_attrs null_seg amd_e400 spectre_v1 spectre_v2
bogomips	: 7560.31
TLB size	: 1024 4K pages
clflush size	: 64
cache_alignment	: 64
address sizes	: 48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management: ts ttp tm stc 100mhzsteps hwpstate

The bash version is:
====================
bash-5.2.15-3.fc38.x86_64



Reproducible: Always

Steps to Reproduce:
Run bash manually or open a terminal.
Actual Results:  
[davide@dave ~]$ bash
(null): ../lib/cpu.c:40: assertion __get_cpuid_max(leaf & X86_LEAF_MASK, NULL) >= leaf failed in x86_has_isa()
(null): ../lib/cpu.c:40: assertion __get_cpuid_max(leaf & X86_LEAF_MASK, NULL) >= leaf failed in x86_has_isa()
[davide@dave ~]$ 


Expected Results:  
[davide@dave ~]$ bash
[davide@dave ~]$ 

My flavour of Fedora Linux is:
==============================
Fedora38/Mate