Have two Raspberry Pi4s both running Fedora Server 38 aarch64, attempting to do a offline upgrade after using 'dnf system-upgrade reboot' fails with a GPG error.

============
2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 SUBDEBUG 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dnf/cli/main.py", line 67, in main
    return _main(base, args, cli_class, option_parser_class)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dnf/cli/main.py", line 106, in _main
    return cli_run(cli, base)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dnf/cli/main.py", line 130, in cli_run
    ret = resolving(cli, base)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dnf/cli/main.py", line 176, in resolving
    base.do_transaction(display=displays)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dnf/cli/cli.py", line 238, in do_transaction
    self.gpgsigcheck(install_pkgs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dnf/cli/cli.py", line 305, in gpgsigcheck
    raise dnf.exceptions.Error(_("GPG check FAILED"))
dnf.exceptions.Error: GPG check FAILED
2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 CRITICAL Error: GPG check FAILED
============


Reproducible: Always

Steps to Reproduce:
1. run 'dnf system-upgrade download --releasever=39' on Fedora Server 38 aarch64 on Raspberry Pi 4
2. run 'dnf system-upgrade reboot'
3. check /etc/os-release for system version after restart shows f38
4. inspecting /var/log/dnf.conf shows upgrade failed to read downloaded packages due to GPG error
Actual Results:  
System is not upgraded

Expected Results:  
System upgraded to f39

One system is a mature install, the other is a recent installation which is close to stock, just with the addition of cockpit & libvirt to run a few aarch64 vms.
Both Pis use a USB attached SSD as their boot disk

Have attempted to reproduce by running Fedora Server 38 in a vm and performing the upgrade and it works, so the issue only seems to happen on bare metal.

Have attempted to remediate by;
- Manually reimported fedora's gpg keys with 'curl https://fedoraproject.org/fedora.gpg | sudo gpg --import'
- Regenerated initramfs/initrd images with 'dracut --regenerate-all --force'
- Amended dnf.conf with 'gpgcheck=False' before rerunning dnf system-upgrade commands

Typical debug output in dnf.log;

2023-10-25T01:00:51+0100 INFO Total size: 919 M
2023-10-25T01:00:51+0100 INFO Downloading Packages:
2023-10-25T01:00:52+0100 DEBUG Using rpmkeys executable at /usr/bin/rpmkeys to verify signatures
2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 CRITICAL Problem opening package google-noto-sans-mono-vf-fonts-20230801-4.fc39.noarch.rpm
2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 CRITICAL Problem opening package google-noto-serif-vf-fonts-20230801-4.fc39.noarch.rpm
2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 CRITICAL Problem opening package iwlegacy-firmware-20231030-

...

2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 CRITICAL Problem opening package iwlwifi-dvm-firmware-20231030-1.fc39.noarch.rpm
1.fc39.aarch64.rpm
2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 CRITICAL Problem opening package yum-4.18.1-1.fc39.noarch.rpm
2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 CRITICAL Problem opening package rpmfusion-free-release-39-1.noarch.rpm
2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 CRITICAL Problem opening package rpmfusion-nonfree-release-39-1.noarch.rpm
2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 CRITICAL Problem opening package unrar-6.2.12-1.fc39.aarch64.rpm
2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 DDEBUG Cleaning up.
2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 DDEBUG Plugins were unloaded.
2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 SUBDEBUG 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dnf/cli/main.py", line 67, in main
    return _main(base, args, cli_class, option_parser_class)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dnf/cli/main.py", line 106, in _main
    return cli_run(cli, base)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dnf/cli/main.py", line 130, in cli_run
    ret = resolving(cli, base)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dnf/cli/main.py", line 176, in resolving
    base.do_transaction(display=displays)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dnf/cli/cli.py", line 238, in do_transaction
    self.gpgsigcheck(install_pkgs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/dnf/cli/cli.py", line 305, in gpgsigcheck
    raise dnf.exceptions.Error(_("GPG check FAILED"))
dnf.exceptions.Error: GPG check FAILED
2023-10-25T01:02:06+0100 CRITICAL Error: GPG check FAILED