This could be triggered by upgrading openssl from 3.1.4-4.fc40 to 3.2.1-2.fc40.

A backtrace from t/04-taint.t:

Insecure dependency in kill while running with -t switch at /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/Test/Taint.pm line 241.
Insecure dependency in kill while running with -t switch at /usr/lib64/perl5/vendor_perl/Test/Taint.pm line 241.
    not ok 12 - The decrypted message shall be tainted
    #   Failed test 'The decrypted message shall be tainted'
    #   at t/04-taint.t line 254.
    ok 13 - The decrypted message matches to the original
    not ok 14 - Load the default public key store
    #   Failed test 'Load the default public key store'
    #   at t/04-taint.t line 257.
    # died: Crypt::SMIME#setPublicKeyStore: failed to store the public cert at t/04-taint.t line 257.
double free or corruption (!prev)

Program received signal SIGABRT, Aborted.
0x00007ffff7aab134 in __pthread_kill_implementation () from /lib64/libc.so.6
(gdb) bt
#0  0x00007ffff7aab134 in __pthread_kill_implementation () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#1  0x00007ffff7a5363e in raise () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#2  0x00007ffff7a3b8ff in abort () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#3  0x00007ffff7a3c764 in __libc_message_impl.cold () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#4  0x00007ffff7ab5165 in malloc_printerr () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#5  0x00007ffff7ab72ac in _int_free_merge_chunk () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#6  0x00007ffff7ab9dbe in free () from /lib64/libc.so.6
#7  0x00007ffff70613f5 in ossl_asn1_primitive_free[localalias] () from /lib64/libcrypto.so.3
#8  0x00007ffff7068c92 in ossl_asn1_template_free () from /lib64/libcrypto.so.3
#9  0x00007ffff706819d in ossl_asn1_item_embed_free () from /lib64/libcrypto.so.3
#10 0x00007ffff706836b in ASN1_item_free () from /lib64/libcrypto.so.3
#11 0x00007ffff70b01fb in CMS_add0_cert () from /lib64/libcrypto.so.3
#12 0x00007ffff75296d7 in sign (this=0x55555603c460, plaintext=<optimized out>, len=<optimized out>)
    at /home/test/fedora/perl-Crypt-SMIME/Crypt-SMIME-0.28/SMIME.xs:173
#13 XS_Crypt__SMIME__sign (my_perl=<optimized out>, cv=<optimized out>)
    at /home/test/fedora/perl-Crypt-SMIME/Crypt-SMIME-0.28/SMIME.xs:801
#14 0x00007ffff7d1288a in Perl_pp_entersub () from /lib64/libperl.so.5.38
#15 0x00007ffff7d03718 in Perl_runops_standard () from /lib64/libperl.so.5.38
#16 0x00007ffff7c47899 in perl_run () from /lib64/libperl.so.5.38
#17 0x0000555555555342 in main ()

The crashing test can be reduced to:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use File::Spec;
use File::Temp qw(tempfile);
use Test::More;

my ($key, $crt);
do {
    my $OPENSSL = '/usr/bin/openssl';
    my ($conf_fh, $conf_file) = tempfile(UNLINK => 1);
    print {$conf_fh} <<'EOF';
[ req ]
distinguished_name     = req_distinguished_name
attributes             = req_attributes
prompt                 = no
[ req_distinguished_name ]
C                      = AU
ST                     = Some-State
L                      = Test Locality
O                      = Organization Name
OU                     = Organizational Unit Name
CN                     = Common Name
emailAddress           = test
[ req_attributes ]
EOF
    close $conf_fh;

    my $DEVNULL = File::Spec->devnull();
    my (undef, $key_file) = tempfile(UNLINK => 1);
    my (undef, $csr_file) = tempfile(UNLINK => 1);
    my (undef, $crt_file) = tempfile(UNLINK => 1);

    system(qq{$OPENSSL genrsa -out $key_file >$DEVNULL 2>&1}) and die $!;
    system(qq{$OPENSSL req -new -key $key_file -out $csr_file -config $conf_file >$DEVNULL 2>&1}) and die $!;
    system(qq{$OPENSSL x509 -in $csr_file -out $crt_file -req -signkey $key_file -set_serial 1 >$DEVNULL 2>&1}) and die $!;

    $key = do {
        local $/;
        open my $fh, '<', $key_file or die $!;
        scalar <$fh>;
    };
    $crt = do {
        local $/;
        open my $fh, '<', $crt_file or die $!;
        scalar <$fh>;
    };
};

my $plain = q{From: alice
To: bob
Subject: Crypt::SMIME test

This is a test mail. Please ignore...
};
$plain =~ s/\r?\n|\r/\r\n/g;

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
plan tests => 5;
use Crypt::SMIME;

my $smime = Crypt::SMIME->new();
ok($smime->setPrivateKey($key, $crt), 'Set an untainted keypair');
ok($smime->setPublicKey($crt), 'Set a tainted public key');
ok($smime->sign($plain), 'Sign an untainted message');
ok(eval {$smime->setPublicKeyStore()}, 'Load the default public key store');
ok($smime->sign($plain), 'Sign an untainted message');

Upstream claims this bug is fixed in a new Crypt-SMIME-0.29 release.

FEDORA-2024-e291ff3534 (perl-Crypt-SMIME-0.29-1.fc40) has been submitted as an update to Fedora 40.
https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2024-e291ff3534

FEDORA-2024-e291ff3534 has been pushed to the Fedora 40 testing repository.
Soon you'll be able to install the update with the following command:
`sudo dnf upgrade --enablerepo=updates-testing --refresh --advisory=FEDORA-2024-e291ff3534`
You can provide feedback for this update here: https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/FEDORA-2024-e291ff3534

See also https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/QA:Updates_Testing for more information on how to test updates.

FEDORA-2024-e291ff3534 (perl-Crypt-SMIME-0.29-1.fc40) has been pushed to the Fedora 40 stable repository.
If problem still persists, please make note of it in this bug report.