In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

timers/migration: Fix off-by-one root mis-connection

Before attaching a new root to the old root, the children counter of the
new root is checked to verify that only the upcoming CPU's top group have
been connected to it. However since the recently added commit b729cc1ec21a
("timers/migration: Fix another race between hotplug and idle entry/exit")
this check is not valid anymore because the old root is pre-accounted
as a child to the new root. Therefore after connecting the upcoming
CPU's top group to the new root, the children count to be expected must
be 2 and not 1 anymore.

This omission results in the old root to not be connected to the new
root. Then eventually the system may run with more than one top level,
which defeats the purpose of a single idle migrator.

Also the old root is pre-accounted but not connected upon the new root
creation. But it can be connected to the new root later on. Therefore
the old root may be accounted twice to the new root. The propagation of
such overcommit can end up creating a double final top-level root with a
groupmask incorrectly initialized. Although harmless given that the final
top level roots will never have a parent to walk up to, this oddity
opportunistically reported the core issue:

  WARNING: CPU: 8 PID: 0 at kernel/time/timer_migration.c:543 tmigr_requires_handle_remote
  CPU: 8 UID: 0 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/8
  RIP: 0010:tmigr_requires_handle_remote
  Call Trace:
   <IRQ>
   ? tmigr_requires_handle_remote
   ? hrtimer_run_queues
   update_process_times
   tick_periodic
   tick_handle_periodic
   __sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt
   sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt
  </IRQ>

Fix the problem by taking the old root into account in the children count
of the new root so the connection is not omitted.

Also warn when more than one top level group exists to better detect
similar issues in the future.