In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

blk-mq: use quiesced elevator switch when reinitializing queues

The hctx's run_work may be racing with the elevator switch when
reinitializing hardware queues. The queue is merely frozen in this
context, but that only prevents requests from allocating and doesn't
stop the hctx work from running. The work may get an elevator pointer
that's being torn down, and can result in use-after-free errors and
kernel panics (example below). Use the quiesced elevator switch instead,
and make the previous one static since it is now only used locally.

  nvme nvme0: resetting controller
  nvme nvme0: 32/0/0 default/read/poll queues
  BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000008
  #PF: supervisor read access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0000) - not-present page
  PGD 80000020c8861067 P4D 80000020c8861067 PUD 250f8c8067 PMD 0
  Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI
  Workqueue: kblockd blk_mq_run_work_fn
  RIP: 0010:kyber_has_work+0x29/0x70

...

  Call Trace:
   __blk_mq_do_dispatch_sched+0x83/0x2b0
   __blk_mq_sched_dispatch_requests+0x12e/0x170
   blk_mq_sched_dispatch_requests+0x30/0x60
   __blk_mq_run_hw_queue+0x2b/0x50
   process_one_work+0x1ef/0x380
   worker_thread+0x2d/0x3e0