In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ipv4: fib: free fib_alias with kfree_rcu() on insert error path

fib_table_insert() publishes new_fa into the leaf's fa_list with
fib_insert_alias() before calling the fib entry notifiers. When a
notifier fails, the error path removes new_fa with fib_remove_alias()
(hlist_del_rcu) and frees it right away with kmem_cache_free().

fib_table_lookup() walks that list under rcu_read_lock() only, so a
concurrent lookup that already reached new_fa keeps reading it after the
free:

 BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in fib_table_lookup (net/ipv4/fib_trie.c:1601)
 Read of size 1 at addr ffff88810676d4eb by task exploit/297
 Call Trace:
  fib_table_lookup (net/ipv4/fib_trie.c:1601)
  ip_route_output_key_hash_rcu (net/ipv4/route.c:2814)
  ip_route_output_key_hash (net/ipv4/route.c:2705)
  __ip4_datagram_connect (net/ipv4/datagram.c:49)
  udp_connect (net/ipv4/udp.c:2144)
  __sys_connect (net/socket.c:2167)
  __x64_sys_connect (net/socket.c:2173)
  do_syscall_64
  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe
 which belongs to the cache ip_fib_alias of size 56

Triggering the error path needs CAP_NET_ADMIN and a registered fib
notifier that can reject a route; a netdevsim device whose IPv4 FIB
resource is exhausted is enough.

Free new_fa with alias_free_mem_rcu(), as fib_table_delete() already
does for a fib_alias removed from the trie.