In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

io_uring/rw: end write accounting from ->ki_complete

Commit b000145e9907 moved both the fsnotify calls and the write
accounting out of the kiocb completion handler and into the
io_req_rw_complete() task_work. However, only the fsnotify part actually
needed to move as it may sleep. Ending the write accounting is just a
percpu_up_read() on the superblock writers sem.

Deferring it is a problem, because it makes dropping SB_FREEZE_WRITE
protection depend on the ring owner getting to running task_work. But
the task may be blocked in freeze_super(), causing it to never get to
that:

  task                             io-wq worker
  --------------------------------------------------------------
  io_write()
    io_kiocb_start_write()         (takes sb_writers, hidden from
                                    lockdep by __sb_writers_release)
    write_iter() -> -EIOCBQUEUED
  ioctl(FS_IOC_SHUTDOWN)
    bdev_freeze()
      freeze_super()
        percpu_down_write()        <- waits for the reader above
                                   io_write()
                                     kiocb_start_write()
                                       percpu_down_read()  <- queued
                                                              behind the
                                                              writer
  <bio completes>
    io_complete_rw()
      queues io_req_rw_complete()  <- never runs, task is in D state

End the write from io_complete_rw() instead, and leave only the fsnotify
calls in task_work.