It is possibile to add an user with useradd while someone else is editing the passwd file with vipw. vipw does acquire some lock, preventing multiple istances of itself from running at the same time, but useradd probably uses a different locking scheme. I understand the two executable belongs to different packages (shadow-utils-19990827-2 and util-linux-2.9w-24) but i think they should interact correctly.
assign to laroche
Feature added in -18