Having these two document:

$ cat test.tex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[backend=biber]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{a.bib}
\begin{document}
Hello~\cite{wombat2016}.

\printbibliography
\end{document}

$ cat a.bib 
@article{wombat2016,
        author   = {Walther Wombat and Klaus Koala},
        title    = {The true meaning of 42},
        journal  = {Journal of modern skepticism},
        date     = {2016},
        keywords = {trusted},
}

pdflatex on test.text dies:

$ pdflatex test
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.141592653-2.6-1.40.22 (TeX Live 2021) (preloaded format=pdflatex)
 restricted \write18 enabled.
entering extended mode
(./test.tex
LaTeX2e <2020-10-01> patch level 4
L3 programming layer <2021-05-07>
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
Document Class: article 2020/04/10 v1.4m Standard LaTeX document class
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/biblatex.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/pdftexcmds/pdftexcmds.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/infwarerr/infwarerr.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/iftex/iftex.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/ltxcmds/ltxcmds.sty))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/etoolbox/etoolbox.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/keyval.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/kvoptions/kvoptions.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/kvsetkeys/kvsetkeys.sty))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/logreq/logreq.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/logreq/logreq.def))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/ifthen.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/url/url.sty)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/blx-dm.def)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/blx-compat.def)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/biblatex.def)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/bbx/numeric.bbx
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/bbx/standard.bbx))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/cbx/numeric.cbx)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/biblatex.cfg)
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3kernel/expl3.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3backend/l3backend-pdftex.def))
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/biblatex/blx-case-expl3.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/xparse/xparse.sty
(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/xparse/xparse-2020-10-01.st
y (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3packages/xparse/xparse-generic.tex
)))))
! Missing = inserted for \ifnum.
<to be read again> 
                   D
l.3 \addbibresource
                   {a.bib}

When I comment out biblatex-related commands, the error disappears when I remove \usepackage[backend=biber]{biblatex} line.

This error happens in F37, where is texlive-biblatex-svn57272.v317-54.fc37.noarch, it does not happen in F35 and F36 with texlive-biblatex-svn57272-48.fc36.noarch. This is the difference in rpms/texlive dist-git repository:

4c58f2c50e19b19067852787a6e7b79f0795b494 (HEAD -> f36, origin/rawhide, origin/f36, origin/HEAD, rawhide) An empty release bump
b82f125fd6244e10849e7a7e05a9c1307f3ba595 (origin/main) bump
437a95d37c098c5d5a1edd9076e3667c9b71beb6 correct bcfversion dependency
37fb8c6e3ec8750765126e77446027dfcc590ef9 update biblatex to 3.17 (bz2048536)
931b3c0ab5e840d872bcbab605cbc3ff84fd42e3 - Rebuilt for https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fedora_36_Mass_Rebuild
82a5a143248b71a1105881a5d9c721a67e2a00a4 (origin/f35) fix french language hyphenation options
edf172d2e376959d30d72bd8e833684631b1bb5a add Requires: texlive-newtx to texlive-newtxsf (bz2027444)

It looks like a bug in biblatex-3.17, or in the "fix french language hyphenation options" fix. However, I cannot see any similar report at <https://github.com/plk/biblatex/issues>.