This bug appears to have been reported against 'rawhide' during the Fedora 19 development cycle.
Changing version to '19'.

(As we did not run this process for some time, it could affect also pre-Fedora 19 development
cycle bugs. We are very sorry. It will help us with cleanup during Fedora 19 End Of Life. Thank you.)

More information and reason for this action is here:
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/BugZappers/HouseKeeping/Fedora19

I thought that it was weird that installation of my F19Beta listed "gnome-desktop-environment" as uninstalled. I attempted to install it.
I get 
"Warning: Environment Group gnome-desktop-environment does not exist. No packages marked for update"
every time that I use yum. I tried "yum clean all". That didn't resolve this problem.

Even after 'yum clean all' I see these warnings:

# yum update
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit
Warning: Environment Group mate-desktop-environment does not exist.
Warning: Environment Group gnome-desktop-environment does not exist.
Warning: Environment Group kde-desktop-environment does not exist.
Warning: Environment Group cinnamon-desktop-environment does not exist.
No packages marked for update

I have the same problem.

I installed the desktop enviroments and rolled them back with yumex.
Currently a yum clean all, won't work to fix these warnings.

Btw. after i removed the gnome-desktop-environment with yumex, i can't reinstall them.

Greetings!
I have same problem after yum group install "Cinnamon Desktop" (in czech lang)

system: F19 32bit fresh install from liveUSB Gnome.

$ LANG=en_US.utf8
$ sudo yum update
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit
Warning: Environment Group cinnamon-desktop-environment does not exist.
No packages marked for update

]$ yum group list
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit
Available environment groups:
   GNOME Desktop
   KDE Plasma Workspaces
   Xfce Desktop
   LXDE Desktop
   Cinnamon Desktop
   MATE Desktop
   Sugar Desktop Environment
   Development and Creative Workstation
   Web Server
   Infrastructure Server
   Basic Desktop
   Minimal Install
...

warning message can be removed with manual editing file /var/lib/yum/groups/environment 

before edit:
# cat environment
1
1
cinnamon-desktop-environment
13
3d-printing
false
base-x
false
cinnamon-desktop
false
core
false
dial-up
false
fonts
false
guest-desktop-agents
false
hardware-support
false
input-methods
false
libreoffice
false
multimedia
false
printing
false
standard
false

and after:
# cat environment
1
1
cinnamon-desktop //this changed
13
3d-printing
false
base-x
false
cinnamon-desktop
false
core
...


but yum still knows nothing about installed groups.

]# yum group list
Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit
Available environment groups:
   GNOME Desktop
   KDE Plasma Workspaces
   Xfce Desktop
   LXDE Desktop
   Cinnamon Desktop
   MATE Desktop
   Sugar Desktop Environment
   Development and Creative Workstation
   Web Server
   Infrastructure Server
   Basic Desktop
   Minimal Install
Available Groups:
   3D Printing
   Administration Tools
   Authoring and Publishing
   Books and Guides
   C Development Tools and Libraries
   Cloud Infrastructure
   Design Suite
   Development Tools
   Editors
   Educational Software
   Electronic Lab
   Engineering and Scientific
   Fedora Eclipse
   Games and Entertainment
   LibreOffice
   Medical Applications
   Milkymist
   Network Servers
   Office/Productivity
   RPM Development Tools
   Robotics
   Security Lab
   Sound and Video
   System Tools
   Text-based Internet
   Window Managers
Done

I confirm this bug. Brand new Fedora 19 installation. 

When I do yum update I obtain:

 sudo yum update
 Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit
 Warning: Environment Group web-server-environment does not exist.
 No packages marked for update

If I try a group install of Web server the result is:


 sudo yum groupinstall "Web Server"
 Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit
 Warning: environment Web Server does not exist.
 No packages in any requested group available to install or update


Although the group environment is listed by the system:

 yum -v grouplist
 Loading "langpacks" plugin
 Loading "refresh-packagekit" plugin
 Adding en_US to language list
 Config time: 0.020
 Adding en_US to language list
 Yum version: 3.4.3
 Setting up Package Sacks
 adobe-linux-i386                                                              17/17
 pkgsack time: 0.476
 group time: 0.861
 Available environment groups:
   GNOME Desktop (gnome-desktop-environment)
   KDE Plasma Workspaces (kde-desktop-environment)
   Xfce Desktop (xfce-desktop-environment)
   LXDE Desktop (lxde-desktop-environment)
   Cinnamon Desktop (cinnamon-desktop-environment)
   MATE Desktop (mate-desktop-environment)
   Sugar Desktop Environment (sugar-desktop-environment)
   Development and Creative Workstation (developer-workstation-environment)
   Web Server (web-server-environment)
   Infrastructure Server (infrastructure-server-environment)
   Basic Desktop (basic-desktop-environment)
   Minimal Install (minimal-environment)

Also yum install @web-server-environment wouldn't work, too.

The problem still exists on Fedora-20-Alpha-TC4-x86_64-DVD.iso.

(In reply to Dylan Graham from comment #3)
> Even after 'yum clean all' I see these warnings:
> 
> # yum update
> Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit
> Warning: Environment Group mate-desktop-environment does not exist.
> Warning: Environment Group gnome-desktop-environment does not exist.
> Warning: Environment Group kde-desktop-environment does not exist.
> Warning: Environment Group cinnamon-desktop-environment does not exist.
> No packages marked for update

Apparently, this clean clear these things up:

yum group mark remove <group>

Same problem over here using Fedora 19.

(In reply to Bojan Smojver from comment #10)
> Apparently, this clean clear these things up:
> 
> yum group mark remove <group>

This works, thanks Bojan.

Yes, it does.. temporarily. Until you start any other "object" group operation. If you do mark any existing group to be installed in future, you'll get most probably some warnings again. At least I do.

This message is a notice that Fedora 19 is now at end of life. Fedora 
has stopped maintaining and issuing updates for Fedora 19. It is 
Fedora's policy to close all bug reports from releases that are no 
longer maintained. Approximately 4 (four) weeks from now this bug will
be closed as EOL if it remains open with a Fedora 'version' of '19'.

Package Maintainer: If you wish for this bug to remain open because you
plan to fix it in a currently maintained version, simply change the 'version' 
to a later Fedora version.

Thank you for reporting this issue and we are sorry that we were not 
able to fix it before Fedora 19 is end of life. If you would still like 
to see this bug fixed and are able to reproduce it against a later version 
of Fedora, you are encouraged  change the 'version' to a later Fedora 
version prior this bug is closed as described in the policy above.

Although we aim to fix as many bugs as possible during every release's 
lifetime, sometimes those efforts are overtaken by events. Often a 
more recent Fedora release includes newer upstream software that fixes 
bugs or makes them obsolete.

It seems to be fixed in Fedora 21:

[mfabian@localhost ~]$ LANG=en_US.UTF-8 sudo yum -v grouplist
[sudo] password for mfabian: 
Loading "langpacks" plugin
Adding en_US to language list
Config time: 0.011
Adding ja_JP to language list
Yum version: 3.4.3
Setting up Package Sacks
pkgsack time: 0.024
group time: 0.271
Installed environment groups:
   KDE Plasma Workspaces (kde-desktop-environment)
   Xfce Desktop (xfce-desktop-environment)
   LXDE Desktop (lxde-desktop-environment)
   Cinnamon Desktop (cinnamon-desktop-environment)
   MATE Desktop (mate-desktop-environment)
   Sugar Desktop Environment (sugar-desktop-environment)
   Development and Creative Workstation (developer-workstation-environment)
Available environment groups:
   Fedora Server (server-product-environment)
   Fedora Workstation (workstation-product-environment)
   Fedora Cloud Server (cloud-server-environment)
   Web Server (web-server-environment)
   Infrastructure Server (infrastructure-server-environment)
   Basic Desktop (basic-desktop-environment)
   Minimal Install (minimal-environment)
Installed groups:
   Administration Tools (admin-tools)
   C Development Tools and Libraries (c-development)
   Development Tools (development-tools)
   Fedora Eclipse (eclipse)
   LibreOffice (libreoffice)
   RPM Development Tools (rpm-development-tools)
Available Groups:
   3D Printing (3d-printing)
   Audio Production (audio)
   Authoring and Publishing (authoring-and-publishing)
   Books and Guides (books)
   Cloud Infrastructure (cloud-infrastructure)
   Cloud Management Tools (cloud-management)
   Cloud Server Tools (cloud-server)
   Container Management (container-management)
   D Development Tools and Libraries (d-development)
   Design Suite (design-suite)
   Domain Membership (domain-client)
   Editors (editors)
   Educational Software (education)
   Electronic Lab (electronic-lab)
   Engineering and Scientific (engineering-and-scientific)
   FreeIPA Server (freeipa-server)
   Games and Entertainment (games)
   Headless Management (headless-management)
   MATE Applications (mate-applications)
   MATE COMPIZ (mate-compiz)
   Medical Applications (medical)
   Milkymist (milkymist)
   Network Servers (network-server)
   Office/Productivity (office)
   Robotics (robotics-suite)
   Security Lab (security-lab)
   Sound and Video (sound-and-video)
   System Tools (system-tools)
   Text-based Internet (text-internet)
   Window Managers (window-managers)
Done
[mfabian@localhost ~]$ 


The installed environment groups now appear in the
“Installed environment groups:” section in the “yum -v grouplist”
output.